The hydrological cycle

Keywords

Inputs

precipitation (opady) - water in any form that falls from the sky

Transfers

Surface runoff/overland flow (spływ powierzchniowy) - water is not absorbed by soil but flows on the surface

Throughfall - water falling through the leaves 
Stemflow - water flowing through the stems

Infiltration (przenikanie) - the movement of water into the soil

Throughflow - movement of water through the soil

Percolation - when water slowly leaches into the rock

Groundwater flow/base flow - the water that infiltrated flows through the rock

Storage

Surface storage - the water that is stored on the surface in a depression

Interception storage - when plants are storing water on their surface

Vegetation storage - water that is cumulated inside the plant. 

Soil storage - water kept by soil

Groundwater Storage - water stored in rocks  

Channel Storage - water stored in rivers 

Ocean - the biggest body of water, which is salty

Outputs

Evaporation (parowanie) - changing water into water vapor

Transpiration - evaporation of water from plants

Sublimation - water change from ice into gas

other important words:

capacity (zdolność) - amount of water that can move or be stored in a particular place 

permeable (przepuszczalność) - water can move through 

concrete - beton, cement